Just like lawyers, scientists, accountants, and teenagers, mountain bikers have developed their own vocabulary. Especially if you’re relatively new to mountain biking (or if you took a break for a few years), you will inevitably hear some terms that don’t make any sense. Confused about what it means to send, shralp, shred, or session? We’ve got your back! Check out our list of mountain bike lingo in 2022, curated from our team and community out of Park City, UT.
A
Alloy: Frame made from an aluminum mix. Aluminum is a common frame material that is usually less expensive than carbon.
B
Baggies: Mountain-bike-specific shorts that can be worn with or without a chamois underneath. Baggies are more durable and provide more protection against abrasions than other athletic shorts. Baggies are more loose-fitting than lycra bike shorts.
Bail: To jump off your bike in order to avoid crashing.
Bark tattoo: Abrasion from grazing against a tree at high speeds.
Berm: A banked corner designed so that riders can turn with much more traction and speed than on flat corners.
Biff: Crash or wipe out.
Bonk: Run out of energy on a ride as a result of running out of glycogen stores.
Booter: Large jump or feature.
Bottom bracket: Connects the crankset to your bike.
Brown pow: Ideal riding dirt, typically after rainfall. Also known as hero dirt. (“Pow” (powder) refers to fresh snow.)
Bunny hop: Riding technique where you bring your front tire off the ground, spring into the air, and scoop your back tire up behind you to get over features.
Burp: Release of air from your tires. This can happen when you land hard or hit a rock in a way that produces lateral forces on the tire.
C
Cadence: Pedaling speed, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Carbon: Bike frame material that is generally lighter, stronger, stiffer, and more expensive than aluminum.
Chain stay: Section of a bike that connects the bottom bracket to the rear axle. The chain often slaps against this part of the frame when riding through rough sections of a trail.
Chain suck: This occurs when your bike chain gets stuck on the chainring —usually during a downshift.
Chain tattoo: Greasy chain stain left on your leg after coming into contact with your chain.
Chamois: A pad that cushions your groin area from the bike saddle. Chamois is pronounced “shammy,” and should be worn directly against your skin (no underwear!). A chamois can be worn with or without baggies.
Chatter: Sounds and vibrations heard or felt while riding that come from the frame, loose bolts, or other mechanical issues that need to be adjusted.
Clam slam: A painful occurrence where female genitalia meets the top tube of a bike with a significant amount of force. We rate this injury 0/10; don’t recommend to friends.
Clean: Ride through a section of a route without crashing, stopping, or dabbing.
Clipless pedals: - Pedals that clip into the bottom of specific mountain bike shoes. (This is a confusing term since riders who use clipless pedals are, in fact, clipped in. The term derives from older “clip” systems where riders slid their feet into basket-like cages.)
Crank: Lever that connects the pedals to the spindle. “Crank” can also be used to describe pedaling especially hard.
D
Dab: Briefly take your foot off your pedal and touch the ground with one of your feet—usually to help get through a technical section.
Day wrecker: An event such as a crash or mechanical issue that ruins your ride.
Derailleur: Bike component that shifts your bike chain to different cogs for more or less resistance. Most modern mountain bikes have only a rear derailleur; however, some bikes have both front and rear derailleurs.
Dialed: A bike that has been meticulously adjusted (“dialed” or “dialed in”) for your body dimensions and riding style. Can also refer to seemingly effortless and skillful riding.
Double track: Dirt path that is wide enough for two riders to ride side-by-side. Double-track paths are often service roads or other paths that may be shared with motorized, off-road vehicles.
Downshift: Shift down (to a lower gear).
Drop: Feature on a trail with a sudden elevation change that forces you to drop down. Can be natural (rock or lip) or human-made.
Dropper: A type of seat post that allows riders to quickly raise and lower their seat height using a lever on the handlebar.
Drive train: The components that “drive” your bike—cranks, chainrings, chain, cassette, and derailleur.
Dualie: Full-suspension (also called dual suspension) mountain bike.
E
Endo: Crash where the rider goes over their handlebars. (Can also refer to a purposeful movement where you balance on your front wheel)
Enduro bike: A bike designed to go very fast on steep, technical downhill sections. They typically have a longer wheelbase and more travel.
Enduro race: A race with multiple uphill and downhill stages. Riders must complete the uphill portions within a given time limit to remain eligible; however, only the downhill times contribute to race results.
F
Face slappers: Trees or shrubbery along an overgrown trail that hit you on the face as you ride by them.
Fattie: Bike with wide tires (“fat” tires); often used for snow riding.
Feather brakes: Technique where you gently apply enough pressure on your brake levers to control your speed.
Fire road: A graded, dirt road that is usually used for service or emergency vehicles. Fire roads are often used to gain access to higher, alpine trails or downhill sections.
Flat corner: A turn in a trail that is flat instead of banked.
Flow: A nirvana-like feeling that occurs when you link several features or sections of downhill trail seamlessly.
Fore and aft movement: A bike-body separation movement where you move frontward (fore) and backward (aft) over your bike while in a standing or ready position. This can also refer to moving your saddle forward or backward.
Fork: The two blades and crown that form a fork and hold your front wheel onto your bike. Most modern mountain bike forks include shock-absorbing legs that help absorb bumps and drops.
Front triangle: The top tube, down tube, and seat tube.
Front-wheel lift: A bike technique where you lift your front tire off the ground to either get over a feature or up onto a lip.
Full squish: Dual-suspension (full-suspension) bike where both front and rear shocks help absorb bumps and drops along the trail to give you a smoother ride.
G
Gap: A jump in which there is a space (gap) between the takeoff and landing.
Geometry: The angular configuration of a mountain bike frame. The most important geometry measurements of a bike are the angles between the top tube, down tube, head tube, and seat tube.
Gnarly: Difficult, highly technical, and/or dangerous (usually referring to a section of a trail).
Granny gear: The gear that has the least resistance and is, therefore, the easiest in which to pedal—used to ascend steep uphills.
H
Half shell: typical mtb or road helmet (not a full face helmet)
Head tube: The tube that connects the front wheel fork to the handlebars.
Hero dirt: Slightly damp, tacky soil that maintains perfect traction for tires. It doesn’t stick to tires, but provides just the right amount of grip. Hero dirt usually occurs after a rainstorm, and only lasts a day or two after the trail reopens.
Hike-a-bike: A ride on which you have to walk your bike during some sections of the trail. You may need to hike-a-bike up steep sections, over highly technical or dangerous sections, or after you’ve had an unfixable mechanical.
Huck: To go off a large jump without proper regard for consequences
K
Kicker: A jump with a steep take-off. Alternatively, to “kick” or “boot” in the air.
L
LBS: Local Bike Shop
Lid: Helmet.
Line: Particular path through a technical section of trail. Some lines are easier than others.
Loam: A special kind of dirt that is soft and moist. True loam has approximately equal proportions of silt, sand, and clay. Loam is common in the Pacific Northwest and is a pleasure to ride on.
Loose: Describes riding surfaces with loose gravel, dirt, or scree. Loose surfaces provide less traction than packed soil and are generally more difficult to ride. “Loose” also can refer to riding slightly out of control.
M
Manual: A maneuver in which a person rides with their front wheel off the ground without pedaling.
Mechanical: A problem with a bike such as a flat tire, broken chain, or bent hanger.
Moondust: Excessively dry dirt that forms a top layer on trails during very dry conditions. Moon dust can be deep, loose, and tricky to ride. Moondust conditions generally expose rocks and roots that are covered with firm soil at other times.
Mullet: A bike that runs a 29-inch wheel up front and a 27.5-inch wheel in the back. These are designed to roll over features and climb well (29-inch wheel) as well as be nimble and good at cornering (27.5-inch wheel).
N
Northshore: Wooden boardwalks that are raised above the ground. This term was popularized in Vancouver, where the style of riding is popular. Northshore features are often found at bike parks.
O
Obstacle riding: Trail features like rocks, roots, logs etc. that riders maneuver over/through.
OTB: A crash where the rider goes over the bar (handlebar).
Overcook: To approach a trail feature, turn, or jump with too much speed.
P
Pinch flat: A flat tire that occurs when the tube gets pinched between the rim and the tire. This is also known as a “snakebite.” These are less rare now that most mountain bikers run tubeless tires.
Pedal strike: An occurrence where a pedal hits a rock, root, or hump of a roller. Pedal strikes can cause riders to crash and or become familiar with the dreaded “clam slam” (see above).
PBJ: Refers to pumps, berms, and jumps. A PBJ usually refers to sections of trail that combine all three features.
PMBIA: Professional Mountain Bike Instructors Association—the organization through which our coaches are certified!
PNW: Pacific Northwest
Presta valve: A type of valve found on the majority of modern mountain bike wheels. Presta valves are longer and narrower than Shrader valves, and are made of an outer valve stem (the place where attach your pump to fill your tire with air) and an inner body. The stem is held to the wheel with a lock nut.
PSI: Pounds per square inch—a metric used for the air pressure in your tire. Tubeless setups can run lower pressure than tubes or road bikes. Check out our article on tubeless tire pressure.
PR: Personal record on a given trail or segment, as measured by your stopwatch and notebook or apps like Strava.
Pump: A technique you can use to propel your bike forward without pedaling. Pump tracks have a series of rollers and berms, and are designed to ride with minimal pedaling. Pumping is executed by bending and extending your arms in succession to move the bike forward. Try it!
Q
QOM / KOM: Queen of the Mountain / King of the Mountain. This is a Strava-specific award for earning the fastest time on a given trail or segment.
Quiver killer: An idealized, (perhaps fictional) all-purpose, holy-grail bike that can expertly handle a wide variety of terrain from steep uphills to rolling cross-country to gnarly downhills.
R
Rail: To corner with so much precision and control that it’s as though you are riding a rail.
Ratchet: A technique where the rider repeatedly half-pedals forward and backward instead of fully rotating the pedal in order to avoid pedal strikes—also known as the half-pedal stroke. This technique can be used to climb through or over rocky sections or up steep switchbacks. Learn how to ratchet here.
Reach: The horizontal distance between the imaginary vertical line that runs through the bottom bracket to the center of the head tube. This measurement is one of the most important used to determine the fit of a bike.
Rear triangle: The frame triangle formed by the chain stay, seat stay, and seat tube.
Rear wheel lift: A technique where only the rear wheel is lifted—usually to get over a feature.
Rigid: A bike with no shock absorbers.
Rock garden: A section of a trail where several large and/or small rocks are concentrated.
Rock roll: a large boulder or rock face that can be ridden.
Roller: A small hump/hill (or series of small hills) in the trail that can be ridden by pumping. Rollers are best ridden by keeping your wheels on the ground and using your arm movements (extending and straightening) to keep your head at the same elevation.
Roost: Dirt or dust that is kicked up by the bike behind the rider.
Rowdy: Rough or technical riding.
S
Sag: Refers to the distance shocks move under the weight of the rider. Sag should be adjusted properly to make sure the shocks are neither too soft nor too stiff.
Shrader valve: a pneumatic tire valve used on motor vehicles and some mountain bike tires. Shrader valves are shorter and thicker than Presta valves.
Send it: To hit a jump, feature, or trail section confidently and/or with style. To excel on the trail.
Session: To repeatedly practice a section of trail or feature.
Singletrack: A narrow trail with only enough room to ride single file. Singletrack is considered the quintessential path for mountain biking.
Shralp: To ride aggressively.
Shred: To ride aggressively.
Shuttle: A ride in which you and your bike are dropped off at a trailhead. Shuttles are often used to avoid climbing or on trails where the beginning and end are not the same.
Skinnies: Narrow, man-made wooden features where you can practice balance and vision techniques.
Slickrock: Sandstone trails that are often marked with painted lines or cairns. Common in Moab, St. George, and Sedona. There is a trail proper called Slickrock in Moab, Utah.
Standover height: The distance between your crotch and the top tube of your bike.
Steez: An amalgamation of the words “stylish” and “ease” — impressive riding that appears effortless.
Stoppie: A technique where the back wheel is lifted by abruptly braking, and the front wheel is ridden briefly by decreasing brake pressure. Also called an endo (but you don’t crash).
Strava: A popular GPS tracking application for activities where you can track your rides and share them with your friends.
Switchbacks: Tight turns that zigzag up and down mountains. Switchbacks allow you to increase elevation more gradually than riding straight up a face.
T
Tabletop: A jump with a flat top between the takeoff and landing. Tabletops are more forgiving than jumps with gaps.
Taco: Refers to a wheel that gets bent into the shape of a taco during a crash. (Definitely a day wrecker!)
Track stand: A technique used by riders to maintain balance while stopped (or barely moving) without stepping off the bike.
Trail dog: A dog that comes along on mountain bike rides!
Trailforks: A popular trail and map application for mountain bikers to find new trails, access maps, find trail-condition updates, and track rides.
Travel: Distance (in mm) a suspension system can move. The greater the travel, the more your shocks will absorb.
Tree gate: A feature where two or more trees on both sides of the trail allow only a narrow passage.
TTF: Technical trail feature.
Tubeless tires: A system used with most modern mountain bikes in which the tires have no internal tubes.
W
Wallride: A feature (usually man-made) that is built at such a steep angle that it feels like a wall to the rider.
Washout: A crash where your bike slides sideways underneath you after losing traction while riding.
Wheelie: A technique in which a rider lifts their front wheel off the ground and rides while pedaling.
Whip: An advanced technique where a rider pushes their bike sideways while in the air.
Y
Yardsale: A crash so epic that you, your bike, and your gear scatter in various directions.
*1x: Denotes that there is one front chain ring; pronounced “one by” and followed by the number of rear chain rings. Example: 1x11 or 1x12.